The eight relation primitives

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Everything the engine asserts is built from these relations. There is no general related_to: when the engine cannot say how two things relate, it abstains.

Relation	What it says	Directed	Symmetric	Transitive	Acyclic
concerns	The two entities are about the same subject matter.	no	yes	no	not applicable
contains	The subject is a location in the filesystem namespace and the object is directly inside it.	yes	no	yes	yes
derives	The object was produced from the subject by some process, such that the subject’s content materially determined the object’s.	yes	no	no	yes
embeds	The subject is a container file and the object is a stream, member, or region recoverable from inside it by opening it.	yes	no	yes	yes
equivalent	The two entities are the same with respect to a stated dimension R, and differ or are unknown in every other respect.	no	yes	yes	not applicable
identical	The two entities have the same content, established by cryptographic comparison of the whole content.	no	yes	yes	not applicable
references	The subject mentions, names, or points at the object, without necessarily depending on it.	yes	no	no	no
succeeds	The subject comes after the object in an ordered series to which both belong. Order only; it claims no material dependence.	yes	no	yes	yes

When two assertions are the same

Relation	Two assertions are the same when
concerns	Two aboutness assertions are the same instance when they name the same unordered pair under the same theme kind.
contains	Two containment assertions are the same instance when they name the same parent entry and the same child entry.
derives	Two derivation assertions are the same instance when they name the same producer, the same product, and the same activity where one is reified.
embeds	Two embedding assertions are the same instance when they name the same container entry and the same member locator.
equivalent	Two equivalence assertions are the same instance when they name the same unordered pair of entries under the same respect.
identical	Two identity assertions are the same instance when they name the same unordered pair of entries under the same hash algorithm.
references	Two reference assertions are the same instance when they name the same source entry, the same reference string, and the same resolution outcome.
succeeds	Two succession assertions are the same instance when they name the same ordered pair within the same series.

Specializations

A specialization is a relation narrowed to a more particular meaning, and is always a kind of one primitive.

Name	Kind of	In respect of	What it says
about_instrument	concerns	instrument	Shares an instrument.
about_project	concerns	project	Belongs to the same project.
about_reagent	concerns	reagent	Shares a reagent.
about_subject	concerns	subject	Shares a subject of study.
about_technique	concerns	technique	Shares a technique.
directory_of	contains		A directory holding the object.
converted_from	derives		The same content in a different format.
corrected_from	derives		The subject with a correction applied.
generated_by	derives		The object was produced by the named activity.
processed_from	derives		Produced by a processing step over the subject.
rendered_from	derives		A visual rendering of the subject.
summarized_from	derives		A reduction or aggregate of the subject.
used_as_input	derives		The subject was consumed by the named activity.
archive_member	embeds		A member of an archive.
attachment_of	embeds		An attachment within a document.
sheet_of	embeds		A sheet within a workbook.
stream_of	embeds		A stream within a container file.
reanalysis_of	equivalent	analysis_input	The same input analyzed again, by the same or a different method.
replicate_of	equivalent	experimental_condition	Same experimental design, performed on a separate occasion.
same_acquisition_as	equivalent	acquisition_event	Produced by one acquisition event.
same_condition_as	equivalent	experimental_condition	Same experimental condition, without implying a separate occasion.
same_schema_as	equivalent	schema	Same normalized column names and types.
same_shape_as	equivalent	shape	Same array shape and dtype signature.
variant_of	equivalent	design	Same design with one dimension deliberately changed.
cites	references		The subject cites the object.
configures	references		The subject supplies configuration to the object.
declares_input	references		The subject states that it reads the object. The object may not exist.
declares_output	references		The subject states that it writes the object. The object may not exist.
documents	references		The subject describes the object.
rerun_of	succeeds		The same procedure run again.
revision_of	succeeds		A revision of the subject.
session_after	succeeds		A later session in a session series.
version_of	succeeds		A later version in a version series.